Low loss splices to dissimilar optical fibers dtic. Laser diodes can be divided into two generic types depending on the method of confinement of. In 1970s, the paper investigates the fusion splicing technique, the most fusion technique using high temperature. Knowledge of fiber optic splicing methods is vital to any company or fiber optic technician involved in telecommunications or lan and networking projects. Feb, 2017 underground cable junction process with resin 24kv cellpack. The choice of which method to use is typically dictated by the. Optical fibers are joined either by fusionmechanical splice, which is a permanent joint, or by connectors, which can be disengaged repeatedly. An fibre optic splice is defined by the fact that it gives a permanent or relatively permanent connection between two fibre optic cables. Jim hayes, president of the fiber optic association, observed, our experience recently, including teaching a couple of courses, is fusion splicing is getting more economical and easier, and the socs are super. Fiber optic cable fusion splicing insertion loss techniques used for optical fiber connection splicing. The optical attenuation in sapphire fibers was examined. Splicing of optical fibers is a technique used to join two optical fibers. Fiber cable preparation, splicing, and termination.
Fusion splicing welds fibers together in an electrical arc. This document provides instructions for the fiber cable technician to properly pe rform fiber cable preparations, routings, splicing, terminations and connections within the. Optical fiber fusion splicing springer series in optical. The two primary methods of splicing fibers are fusion and. In addition to being used on pigtails, fusion splicers are now commonly used to join optical fibers to spliceon connectors socs. In order to specify the characteristics of optical fibres and systems operating with optical amplifiers and the wdm technique, many new recommendations were developed in itut. Attenuation was found to depend heavily on injection conditions. May, 1975 the handling and aligning of verysmalldiameter fibers to achieve this desired result involve vexing problems. An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair. Optical fibers are used most often as a means to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in fiberoptic communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths data transfer rates than. Fiber optics light transmission through flexible transmissive fibers for communications or lighting.
Necessary splicing hardware needs to be developed to meet these challenges, in this paper, we present some advanced topics and techniques on fusion splicing of specialty fibers. May 18, 2016 a mechanical splice is a junction of two or more optical fibers. Why might the hot knife be a better way to cut plastic fiber optic cable than some other method. A number of techniques for making sapphiresilica fiber splices were attempted, with an effort toward optimizing injection conditions in the sapphire fiber. An endview function has a good accuracy for core alignment of rotational direction. Our unidirectional optical cards can transmit and receiver on both multimode and singlemode fibers. Fiber optic cable splicing procedure pdf optical fiber cable. Fusion splicing photonic crystal fibers and conventional. History and vision of optical fiber fusion splicing technology. Both methods provide much lower insertion loss compared to fiber connectors. The most successful of these techniques, interior capillarytube splicing, produced robust splices with an. In mechanical splicing the broken fiber edges are aligned and are locked in position with the help of various positioning devices and optical cement. Theres no doubt that termination of fiber optic cables is the most difficult part of the fiber optic installation process. The fibers are aligned and held in place by a selfcontained assembly.
An effective splicing method on photonic crystal fiber using. Fusion splicing requires a special machine to weld the optical fibers together via an electronic arc. A swing electrode system is capable for uniform and lowloss fusion splicing. The analysis of fusion splice technique on single mode fiber optic. To solve these problems, active work is underway in the optical fiber art to devise improved splicing techniques. The purpose of this article is to provide the nontechnical reader with an overview of. Improving fiber optic connection and splicing techniques. The handling and aligning of verysmalldiameter fibers to achieve this desired result involve vexing problems.
Optical fibers may be connected to each other by connectors or by splicing, i. The fiber optic connector and splicing module was designed to be used as a supplement for the industrial fiber optics fiber optic demonstration system, although it can be used separately. This method aligns the two fiber ends to a common centerline, aligning their cores so the light can pass from one fiber to another. Installing and testing fiber optics the fiber optic association. At the press of a button, the fiber ends are heated with electrodes, brought together, and fused.
An fibre optic splice is defined by the fact that it gives a permanent or relatively. In this section we will discuss several connection methods and tools used with optical fiber components. It is also possible to incorporate wavelength division multiplexing techniques to further increase the transmission capacity of a singlemode fiber evertz optical platform is compatible with both multimode and singlemode fiber. Pulling cables is easy, as they are more rugged than category 5 copper cables, and installing patch panels and other hardware is straightforward. It provides a toolbox of general strategies and specific techniques that the reader can apply when optimizing fusion splices. Basics of fiber optics mark curranbrian shirk fiber optics, which is the science of light transmission through very fine glass or plastic fibers, continues to be used in more and more applications due to its inherent advantages over copper conductors. Identification of materials, accessories and different types of fiber optic cables. Pdf on oct 16, 2017, norazlina ahmad and others published the analysis of fusion splice technique on single mode fiber optic find. However, working with those hairthin strands of glass can be intimidating to installers. Fibre splicing a permanent joint formed between two individual optical. Optical fiber fusion splicer noriyuki kawanishi1 the essential requirements for establishing a lowloss and highspeed telecommunication line using optical fibers are high performance and quality splicing technology. There are many kinds of fusion splicing techniques, enabling connection between two optical fibers, such as an electric arc 6, and a co 2 laser 7. This book is an uptodate treatment of optical fiber fusion splicing incorporating all the recent innovations in the field. Fusion splicing of optical fibers electric arc fusion splicing require fiber end surfaces to be prepared for joint heating of prepared fiber ends to fusion point with application of axial pressure between two fibers.
A typical example of this method is the use of connectors to link fibers. Fibre communication basics optical fibre connectors splicing optical transmitter optical receiver rather than using optical fibre connectors, it is possible to splice two optical fibres together. Mechanical splicing method mechanical splicing is an optical junction where the fibers are precisely aligned and held in place by a selfcontained assembly, not a permanent bond. Fusion splice techniques for multicore fibers sciencedirect. An optical fiber fusion splicer is an apparatus that.
Part of utels knowledge base series of videos about fiber optics, this guide provides a thorough introduction to fusion and mechanical splicing as well as a demonstration of fusion splicing. A number of mechanical techniques for splicing individual optical fibers have been developed namely. For ribbon type fibers, holders must be provided to strip, clean and splice to ensure good alignment. Fibre optic splicing fiber splicing electronics notes. Review of fabrication techniques for fused fiber components. A small cleaved angle is needed for stable and lowloss fusion splicing. The simple connection of optical fibers using optical connectors and mechanical splices is. The fiber ends are prepared, cleaved, and placed in alignment fixtures on the fusion splicer. Jun 15, 2015 in mechanical splicing, the optical fiber cores are aligned and then joined within a precision, sleevelike assembly to allow the optical light to pass from one fiber to the other. Fiber cable preparation, splicing, and termination instructions. Underground cable junction process with resin 24kv cellpack. Optical fiber fusion splicer types fusion splicing machines.
As we said above, fusion splicer is the machine used to weld fuse two optical fibers together. This report describes a technique by which the splice loss between two dissimilar fibers was reduced on. Jan 26, 2018 part of utels knowledge base series of videos about fiber optics, this guide provides a thorough introduction to fusion and mechanical splicing as well as a demonstration of fusion splicing. Pdf the analysis of fusion splice technique on single. Splicing optical fibers bell telephone laboratories. This method is most popular for fast, temporary restoration and splicing multimode fibers. A fusion splicing method for optical fibers in which optical fibers are fusion spliced in an inert gas atmosphere after water adsorbed on their surfaces is removed by decomposition in a plasma of an inert gas containing a halogen. Index termsfusion splicing fibers, microoptical devices, microstructure. Summary of the invention an object of the present invention is a new method for splicing together optical fiber ends. Splicing of one or more pairs of mating optical fibers is facilitated by a loosefitting optical fiber receiving tube having a uniform interior cross section with at least one corner.
Optical communication pdf notes oc pdf notes smartzworld. An effective splicing method on photonic crystal fiber. Two optical fiber splicing methods are available for permanent joining of two optical fibers. The simple connection of optical fibers using optical connectors and mechanical splices is increasing. Fiber optics is a major building block in the telecommunication infrastructure. The optical fiber cables are joined by fusion splicing process by following color code or sequence of buffer tubes and fibers in the cable and secure it in joint closure box at every joint location. It provides a toolbox of general strategies and specific techniques that the reader can apply when optimizing fusion splices between novel fibers. Optical fiber has changed telecommunications all over the world. This technique is used in optical fiber communication, in order to form long optical links for.
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